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EL SEGUNDO HERALD October 5, 2017 Page 15
Looking Up
Mapping Black Hole Collisions Gives Astronomers a New Guide
Press Release from Rochester Institute
of Technology, Provided by Bob Eklund
Rochester Institute of Technology researchers
helped pinpoint the precise location of
a gravitational wave signal—and the black
hole merger that produced it—detected by
gravitational wave observatories in the United
States and in Europe.
For the first time, the LIGO and the
French-Italian Virgo were used to triangulate
the position in the universe where the binary
black hole merger occurred 1.8 billion years
ago. The black holes are 25 and 31 times
the mass of the Sun before the collision and
53 times the Sun mass after, when a merged
black hole formed.
The signal was detected on August 14 by the
LIGO detectors in Louisiana and Washington
and the Virgo detector near Pisa, Italy. The
findings were announced recently in a news
conference in Turin, Italy, and will appear
in Physics Review Letters.
The addition of the third observatory has
widened the window on the universe, said
RIT professor Carlos Lousto. “We now can
pinpoint where those black holes collided
in the universe with 10 times higher precision
than we had with only two detectors,”
Lousto said. “Astronomers can look more
accurately toward this direction in sky with
conventional telescopes to see if there is an
electromagnetic counterpart to such cosmic
collisions.”
John Whelan, RIT associate professor and
the principal investigator of RIT’s LIGO
group, said, “Our Virgo colleagues, who
have been collaborating on the analysis since
our first joint initial detector runs 10 years
ago, have now joined the advanced detector
network. We now have, for the first time,
three advanced gravitational wave detectors
observing together.”
Richard O’Shaughnessy, RIT assistant
professor, adds that “with Virgo, we can now
reliably point to where a gravitational wave
signal came from. We can tell astronomers
when and where to point their telescopes.”
Scientists will gain a deeper understanding
of astrophysical phenomena by combining
gravitational wave astronomy with traditional
methods using the electromagnetic spectrum.
“Precision pointing makes multi-messenger
astronomy possible,” O’Shaughnessy said.
The current study cites 2005 breakthrough
research by Lousto, Manuela Campanelli,
RIT professor and director of the Center for
Computational Relativity and Gravitation, and
Yosef Zlochower, RIT associate professor,
which solved Albert Einstein’s strong field
equations. The group was one of the first to
simulate a black hole on a supercomputer. Their
“moving puncture approach” has been adopted
by other research groups and helped lay the
foundation for gravitational wave astronomy.
“Our supercomputer simulations of
black-hole collisions continue to be crucial
to determine the astrophysical parameters
of those extreme objects and they provide
important information for modeling their
history, from the death of their progenitor
stars to their final merger into a larger black
hole,” Lousto said. •
A simulation of gravitational waves produced by the collision of binary black holes. Courtesy of Center for Computational Relativity
and Gravitation, Nicole Rosato.
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