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Page 2 November 2, 2017
Seniors Looking Up
Mt. Wilson Celebrates 100th Anniversary
of Historic 100-inch Telescope on Nov. 4
By Bob Eklund
On Saturday, November 4, you are invited
to come up to Mount Wilson and celebrate
100 years of space exploration with the 100-
inch telescope. From 2 p.m. to 10 p.m. the
observatory’s historic telescopes, including
the 100-inch, will be open to the public,
with docents on hand to talk about how they
ushered in the modern era of astrophysics
and revolutionized our understanding of
the universe.
Please dress warmly, as it can get very
cold up on the mountain this time of year.
We are over a mile high. Handicapped visitors
should be aware that the telescopes have
several flights of stairs inside.
From 2 to 4 p.m., there will be talks in the
museum auditorium on the history of the observatory
by longtime docent Nik Arkimovich,
and a talk by Sam Hale, observatory trustee
and grandson of Mount Wilson Observatory
founder George Ellery Hale.
At 4 p.m., UC Berkeley astronomer Alex
Filippenko will give a talk in the museum
auditorium on the 100-inch telescope. Tickets
for this limited-seating event are available
at the observatory website, www.mtwilson.
edu. Also check the observatory website
for directions for driving to Mount Wilson.
From dark to 10 p.m., assuming the
weather permits, the 100-inch telescope will
be open to the public for free viewing. The
telescope will be pointed at different objects
during this time, so visitors can file in and
take a peek through the famous telescope
that Edwin Hubble used to discover our
expanding universe.
The 100-inch was first tested on the night
of November 2, 1917—in the middle of the
First World War. The small crowd gathered
in the new dome at sunset included, along
with observatory staff, the visiting English
poet Alfred Noyes, who later chronicled the
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Mount Wilson Observatory. Image Courtesy of mtwilson.edu
unfolding drama in his epic poem “Watchers
of the Sky”:
“… The explorers of the sky, the pioneers
Of science, now made ready to attack
That darkness once again,
And win new worlds.”
Observatory founder George Ellery Hale
felt that the 100-inch’s great light-gathering
power would be especially useful in solving
the mystery of the spiral nebulae. A debate
was raging as to whether these graceful objects
were “island universes” or lesser systems
tributary to our Milky Way Galaxy, Into the
fray stepped Edwin Hubble, who joined the
Mount Wilson staff in 1919.
Once at Mount Wilson, Hubble used the
100-inch to attack the spiral nebulae problem.
Believing them to be “island universes”
(now called galaxies), Hubble looked for
variable stars (which vary in brightness) in
the Andromeda nebula. One proved to be
very important. It was a Cepheid variable, a
type that had been shown to be useful as an
indicator of distance. The search for Cepheids
was expanded to other spiral nebulae, and
dozens were found, all of which indicated
that the distances to the nebulae were far too
great for them to be a part of our galaxy.
Hubble’s discovery with the 100-inch had
proved beyond question that nebulae were
external galaxies comparable to our own. It
opened the last frontier of astronomy, and
gave, for the first time, the correct conceptual
value of the universe.
Hubble used the 100-inch for decades to
push back the limits of the universe. He
measured galactic distances and speeds to
prove that the universe is expanding, changing
our perception of the nature of the universe
and leading to the “Big Bang” theory of its
origin. In recognition of his achievements,
the 94-inch Hubble Space Telescope was
named after him. •
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