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DLI Teacher Academy a Success
First day of Centinela Valley Union High School District’s second DLI (Digital Learning Initiative) 1:1 Teacher Academy was a huge success. An additional 60-plus teachers have volunteered to expand their professional repertoire so they can effectively use technology in the
classroom. Photo: Centinela Valley Union High School District
Looking Up
Spooky Action at a Distance?
making the outcome look quantumly correlated
when in fact it isn’t.
On Jan. 11, 2018, in a new experiment
to test quantum entanglement, MIT’s
David Kaiser and other team members
The quasar dates back to less than one billion years after the big bang. Image: NASA/ESA/G.Bacon, STSc
gathered on a mountaintop in the Canary
Islands and began collecting data from two
large, 4-meter-wide telescopes: the William
Herschel Telescope and the Telescopio
Nazionale Galileo, both situated on the same
mountain and separated by about a kilometer.
One telescope focused on a particular
quasar, while the other telescope looked at
another quasar in a different patch of the
night sky. Meanwhile, researchers at a station
located between the two telescopes created
pairs of entangled photons and beamed particles
from each pair in opposite directions
toward each telescope.
In the fraction of a second before each
entangled photon reached its detector,
the instrumentation determined whether a
single photon arriving from the quasar was
more red or blue, a measurement that then
automatically adjusted the angle of a polarizer
that ultimately received and detected the
incoming entangled photon.
“The timing is very tricky,” Kaiser says.
“Everything has to happen within very tight
windows, updating every microsecond or so.”
The researchers ran their experiment
twice, each for around 15 minutes and with
Based on a Press Release from
Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, Provided by Bob Eklund
Last year, physicists at MIT, the University
of Vienna, and elsewhere provided strong support
for quantum entanglement, the seemingly
far-out idea that two particles, no matter how
distant from each other in space and time, can
be inextricably linked, in a way that defies the
rules of classical physics.
Take, for instance, two particles sitting on
opposite edges of the universe. If they are
truly entangled, then according to the theory
of quantum mechanics their physical properties
should be related in such a way that any
measurement made on one particle should
instantly convey information about any future
measurement outcome of the other particle—
correlations that Einstein skeptically saw as
“spooky action at a distance.”
In the 1960s, the physicist John Bell calculated
a theoretical limit beyond which such
correlations must have a quantum, rather than
a classical, explanation.
But what if such correlations were the result
not of quantum entanglement, but of some other
hidden, classical explanation? Such “what-ifs”
are known to physicists as loopholes to tests of
Bell’s inequality, the most stubborn of which
is the “freedom-of-choice” loophole: the possibility
that some hidden, classical variable may
influence the measurement that an experimenter
chooses to perform on an entangled particle,
two different pairs of quasars. For each run,
they measured 17,663 and 12,420 pairs
of entangled photons, respectively. Within
hours of closing the telescope domes and
looking through preliminary data, the team could
tell there were strong correlations among the
photon pairs, indicating that the photons were
correlated in a quantum-mechanical manner.
The team performed a more detailed analysis
to calculate the chance, however slight, that a
classical mechanism might have produced the
correlations the team observed.
They calculated that, for the best of the two
runs, the probability that a mechanism based
on classical physics could have achieved the
observed correlation was about 10 to the minus
20—that is, about one part in one hundred
billion billion—outrageously small.
Sorry, Professor Einstein—it looks like
“spooky action at a distance” is proving to
be a reality. •
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